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Fred Pope.

A personal reference shelf

Heroes

People whose work I want to keep within reach.

This page is as much for me as for anyone visiting. A place to glance, remember an idea, and return to the work behind it. The list will grow.

Innovation & business

Clayton Christensen

His work on disruptive innovation and Jobs to Be Done offers a way to understand why successful businesses can miss what comes next.

An idea to revisit

Look for the progress someone is trying to make. Question the assumptions that made the current model successful.

Explore his work at the Christensen Institute

Information & invention

Claude Shannon

The mathematician and engineer whose information theory gave us a new way to understand communication, noise, and the limits of a channel.

An idea to revisit

Find the underlying structure. Leave room for play, curiosity, and a simpler way to pose the problem.

Explore Shannon at Bell Labs

Basketball & excellence

Michael Jordan

Six NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls. A career that remains a reference point for competitive excellence.

An idea to revisit

Return to the fundamentals. Preparation and repeated effort are part of the performance.

Read his NBA profile

Engineering & markets

Thomas Peterffy

The founder of Interactive Brokers, whose work helped move trading from manual processes toward computer-driven systems.

An idea to revisit

Look for the expensive, repetitive part of a system. An engineering improvement can change its economics.

Read the Interactive Brokers history

Mathematics & investing

Edward Thorp

A mathematician who applied probability to blackjack and financial markets, testing ideas against the world outside the classroom.

An idea to revisit

Test the edge. Understand the odds and the risk before deciding how much to commit.

Return to A Man for All Markets

Decisions & uncertainty

Michael Mauboussin

An investment thinker whose work examines the relationship between skill, luck, and the quality of a decision.

An idea to revisit

Separate the quality of the decision from the outcome. Ask how much was skill, how much was luck, and what can be learned.

Read his conversation on skill and luck